Solid wood is a natural material, and as such, it carries inherent variations in colour, texture, and figure. These characteristics are shaped by the tree’s growth and cannot be controlled or predicted by the crafter or woodturner. Within any tree, colour differences naturally occur between the sapwood—the lighter, outer layers that transport sap—and the heartwood—the darker, inner layers filled with natural deposits. Grain patterns also vary within each species, and these are only revealed as the work progresses. Therefore, every crafted or turned piece will exhibit unique variations in colour, texture, and grain.

Wood is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs and releases moisture in response to the surrounding atmosphere. In high humidity, wood swells; in low humidity, it shrinks. This natural movement can result in small shifts or cracks in crafted items over time. These are not faults, but natural expressions of the wood’s living character. Many of my pieces feature visible shakes, cracks, and inclusions—hallmarks of authenticity that I believe enhance the beauty of the finished work.

Due to these natural properties, solid wood products cannot be warranted against splitting, cracking, bowing, warping, or other movements. These are not defects, but reflections of wood’s organic nature.